Abstract
With an expanding and aging heart transplant population, the incidence of acute coronary syndromes (ACS) is expected to increase. Our study aims to report current trends in in-hospital management and outcomes in heart transplant recipients presenting with ACS. We conducted an analysis of the National Inpatient Sample (2007 to 2014) to study the trends in hospitalization, in-hospital management, and outcomes in heart transplant recipients with a primary diagnosis of ACS. We included patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), non-STEMI (NSTEMI) and those with unstable angina pectoris (UAP). A total of 1,621 ACS (NSTEMI/UAP-76% vs STEMI-24%) hospitalizations were identified. Despite 1,327 (81%) of patients who underwent left heart catheterization, coronary revascularization was performed in only 576 patients (36%). Mortality was significantly higher in patients presenting with STEMI versus NSTEMI/UAP (28% vs 11%, respectively; p <0.05) and those who did not undergo revascularization (19% vs 7%; p <0.05). Cardiogenic shock (CS) was diagnosed in 14.5% patients. Mechanical circulatory support utilization was higher in CS group compared with non-CS group (69% vs 2.8%; p <0.05), as was in-hospital mortality (39% vs 10%; p <0.05). Repeat transplantation during the index hospitalization was done in 4.5% of ACS patients. In conclusion, in heart transplant recipients, ACS is associated with a high incidence of CS and in-hospital mortality. Aggressive treatment strategy that includes revascularization, mechanical circulatory support use (in those developing CS), and urgent retransplantation in suitable candidates seems to lead to better results than a more conservative strategy.
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