Abstract
ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME (ACS) is a heading for three smaller classes of ischemic myocardial disease: ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), unstable angina (UA), and non–ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). Despite variation, each leads to a sudden decline in the blood flow to the myocardial cells. Coronary artery disease (CAD) negatively impacts approximately 15 million people in the United States, resulting in a cost of more than 71.2 billion dollars for inpatient treatment. Increases over the next 20 years in CAD-related deaths are estimated by the World Health Organization as 137% inmen and 120% inwomen. Large multisite research trials have led to the development of evidence-based practice recommendations by the American Heart Association (AHA) and the American College of Cardiology (ACC) for the medical and pharmacologic management of patients experiencing any of the three entities found under the heading of ACS. A fictitious perianesthetic case study will be used to introduce the discussion of ACS in terms of pathophysiology and emergent management. The application of the care of the patient with ACS in the perianesthesia setting will be discussed.
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