Abstract
El edema de córnea es una entidad que se produce por un gran número de causas y tiene diversas formas de presentación y diferentes grados de afección. En este artículo se reporta el caso de un hombre con edema de córnea agudo sin compromiso epitelial, en el que el cuadro clínico, el examen oftalmológico y los estudios de extensión no lograron establecer su etiología. Además, se hace una revisión de la literatura disponible respecto a todas las posibles causas de edema de córnea agudo, agrupándolas en aquellas que ocasionan el edema por lesión o inflamación epitelial o estromal, por disfunción endotelial o por un aumento en la presión intraocular.
Highlights
The cornea is a transparent avascular tissue exposed to the external environment and responsible for about two thirds of the refractive power of the human eye [1]
Since the objective of this article is to make an exhaustive review of the causes of corneal edema without epithelial damage and with normal intraocular pressure (IOP) numbers, only the causes that result in edema will be thoroughly reviewed since they affect, one way or another, the dehydrating function of the corneal endothelium
Fluids are taken to a hypertonic state by the constant evaporation of water, which is compensated by the water leaving the cornea through the epithelium [86,87]
Summary
The cornea is a transparent avascular tissue exposed to the external environment and responsible for about two thirds of the refractive power of the human eye [1]. Its transparency depends on a dehydration state regulated by the inner (endothelium) and external (corneal epithelium) layers [2] that maintain a careful hydroelectrolytic balance to guarantee low levels of water. Acute corneal edema may present with different levels of endothelial, stromal or epithelial involvement [5]. Two pathophysiological mechanisms that are prominent in the production of acute corneal edema without epithelial compromise include alterations in endothelial function and elevation of intraocular pressure [6]. This paper reports the case of a patient with unilateral sudden corneal edema without epithelial compromise, in whom a clear cause was not established, motivating this investigation
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