Abstract
Clinical signs and symptoms of COVID-19 varied from asymptomatic forms to severe, life-threatening conditions that required treatment in intensive care units. These severe forms of illness are connected with a hypercoagulable state due to excessive inflammation, hypoxia, immobilisation, and altered angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2). In total, 17 COVID-19 positive patients were diagnosed with peripheral arterial thrombosis (AT), 13 of them had COVID-19 pneumonia. Laboratory findings in patients with X-ray confirmed pneumonia showed a four times higher neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), C-reactive protein (CRP) and three times higher lactate dehydrogenase level (LDH) than patients without confirmed pneumonia. Patients with pneumonia had significantly more bilateral occlusions of the lower extremities and a significantly higher percentage with complete occlusion of the arteries than patients without pneumonia. The rate of limb loss was 35.3%. They were all from the group with COVID-19 pneumonia. Ten out of thirteen patients with pneumonia died due to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). All patients without pneumonia were discharged from the hospital. The aim of this retrospective study was to report the incidence of arterial thrombosis of lower extremities and their complications in the acute phase of the infection among COVID-19 patients admitted to the hospital for treatment.
Highlights
The coronavirus (COVID-19) caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus emerged in December2019 in China and spread worldwide, causing the illness of more than one hundred million people
Clinical signs and symptoms of COVID-19 varied from asymptomatic forms to severe, life-threatening conditions that required treatment in intensive care units. These severe forms of illness are connected with a hypercoagulable state due to excessive inflammation, hypoxia, immobilisation, and altered angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2)
The aim of this retrospective study was to report the incidence of arterial thrombosis of lower extremities and their complications in the acute phase of the infection among COVID-19 patients admitted to the hospital for treatment
Summary
The coronavirus (COVID-19) caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus emerged in December. 2019 in China and spread worldwide, causing the illness of more than one hundred million people. The virus has led to an increase in hospital admissions and is the leading cause of hospitalisation admittance to intensive care units, and holds a higher risk of mortality when pulmonary symptoms present, with respiratory distress as its most dangerous manifestation [1]. Accurate prediction of clinical outcomes for patients across this spectrum is often tricky. Clinical signs and symptoms of COVID-19 varied from asymptomatic forms to severe, life-threatening conditions that required treatment in intensive care units [4]. Ongoing reports concerning severely ill patients suggest that these severe forms are connected with a hypercoagulable state due to excessive inflammation, hypoxia, immobilisation, and altered angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) [5,6]. Recent studies have shown that abnormal coagulation dysfunction is associated with a poor prognosis in patients with COVID-19 [7]
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