Abstract
The toxicity test of ammonium persulfate was conducted to ensure of its potential toxic effects according to the single-dose acute oral toxicity study (OECD Guideline 423) and 90-day repeated dose sub-chronic oral toxicity study guideline (OECD Guideline 408) for establishing national chemical management system, and matching in the Globally Harmonized Classification System (GHS) category. In acute oral toxicity study, pasty stool, perineal contamination and temporary body weight decrease were observed after dosing 1st and 2nd challenge (300 mg/kg body weight). All test animals were dead within 6 hours after dosing at 3rd challenge (2000 mg/kg body weight). Therefore, the GHS class of test substance is considered class 4. In sub-chronic toxicity study, body weight changes, food consumptions, hematological, biochemical and pathological examination did not show any noticeable and significant differences between the administered (5, 20, 80 mg/kg body weight) and control (vehicle only) group animals. Based on these results, the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) is considered above 80 mg/kg body weight.
Highlights
Ammonium persulfate is used for hair dyeing dye, bleaching, hair dyeing medicine, bleaching agent for food starch and cosmetics such as skin care medicine (Lewis, 1997; Nikitakis et al, 1990)
Ammonium persulfate may cause an unexpected health effect such as immediate and prolonged skin reactions including irritant dermatitis, allergic eczematoid dermatitis, local contact rash, systemic rash, rhinitis, asthma and fainting though out the exposure of aerosol or vapor skin contact and inhalation to people dealing with this material in many quarters (Mensing et al, 1998; Merget et al, 1999; Vanjoost et al, 1991) And there was a case report about the actual work environment (Gamboa et al, 1999), but its incidences were not well known and the incidental rate of toxic symptoms induced by ammonium persulfate yet
There were no deaths of rats administered 300 mg/kg of ammonium persulfate (1st, 2nd Step), the clinical signs include pasty stool, perineal contamination and body weight decreasing were observed
Summary
Ammonium persulfate is used for hair dyeing dye, bleaching, hair dyeing medicine, bleaching agent for food starch and cosmetics such as skin care medicine (Lewis, 1997; Nikitakis et al, 1990). Food and drug association (FDA) was presented that ammonium persulfate was used in 30 cosmetics product in 1998 (FDA, 1998). Ammonium persulfate is used for a reductant, a restrainer at photo print, industrial starch modifier, preserving foods, copper oxidizing agent, and electronic circuit board such as industrial field (Merget et al, 1999; Pang et al, 2001; Wenninger et al, 2000). 65,400 tons per year (RTEC, 1994) and about 10,000 tons in China. In Korea, the amount is reached 1,155,220 kg per year according to the 15 company data (UNEP, 2005). Ammonium persulfate may cause an unexpected health effect such as immediate and prolonged skin reactions including irritant dermatitis, allergic eczematoid dermatitis, local contact rash, systemic rash, rhinitis, asthma and fainting though out the exposure of aerosol or vapor skin contact and inhalation to people dealing with this material in many quarters (Mensing et al, 1998; Merget et al, 1999; Vanjoost et al, 1991) And there was a case report about the actual work environment (Gamboa et al, 1999), but its incidences were not well known and the incidental rate of toxic symptoms induced by ammonium persulfate yet
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