Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a potentially morbid condition with high prevalence worldwide thus being a major medical concern. Experimental induction of diabetes mellitus in animal models is essential for the advancement of our knowledge and understanding of the various aspects of its pathogenesis and ultimately finding new therapies and cure. Experimental diabetes mellitus is generally induced in laboratory animals by several methods that include: chemical, surgical and genetic (immunological) manipulations. Most of the experiments in diabetes are carried out in rodents, although some studies are still performed in larger animals. The present review highlights the various methods of inducing diabetes in experimental animals in order to test the newer drugs for their anti-diabetic potential.
Highlights
World Health Organization (WHO) reports Diabetes mellitus as one of the most common public health problems which will affect a total population of 220 million worldwide in the year 2020 [1,2]
Experimental induction of diabetes mellitus in animal models is essential for the advancement of our knowledge and understanding of the various aspects of its pathogenesis and finding new therapies and cure
The technique of complete pancreatectomy in the dog was first described in detail by Foà [35] and by Sirek [36] and there after that it has been extensively used by various scientists as an animal model for diabetes mellitus Method Male Beagle dogs weighing 12-16 kg are anesthetized with an intravenous injection of 50 mg/kg pentobarbital sodium and placed on its back
Summary
WHO reports Diabetes mellitus as one of the most common public health problems which will affect a total population of 220 million worldwide in the year 2020 [1,2]. The NOD mouse is a model of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus and develops hypoinsulinemia secondary to autoimmune destruction of pancreatic b cells. Verdaguer et al observed that the insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in NOD mice is the result of a CD4+ and CD8+ T celldependent auto-immune process directed against the pancreatic b-cells [88]. Diabetes mellitus signs include hyperglycemia, decreased clearance of glucose, in intravenous tolerance tests, reduced insulin secretion and increased serum lipids. RIP-LCMV transgenic mice that express the viral glycoprotein or nucleoprotein from lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) under control of the rat insulin promoter (RIP) in pancreatic b-cells develop autoimmune diabetes after infection with LCMV [111]. Baboons and humans appear to develop similar metabolic disorders, earlier studies have documented spontaneous obesity, insulin resistance, and a form of adult-onset diabetes in captive baboons [114]
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