Abstract
Acupuncture has been used extensively in domestic animal medicine to treat a variety of medical conditions and diseases as an adjunct or primary therapy. Exotic animals are becoming increasingly common as pets. Owners are expecting therapies for these non-domestic animals to be similar to those available to their other domestic pets. Additionally, zoological and aquatic facilities provide medical care for the entire lives of the animals that are housed in their facilities. Many conditions similar to those observed in domestic animals can develop in zoological species and can benefit from treatment with acupuncture. Through operant conditioning or routine medical examinations, the use of acupuncture as an adjunct therapy is becoming more common. The following paper presents a summary of the types of non-domestic animals treated, for which conditions, and how these methods are commonly used.
Highlights
Acupuncture in animals initially started with Zhao Fu and Bo Le [1,2]
Perhaps one of the first non-domestic animals to be treated with Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine (TCVM) was the elephant [3]
In both the formal review of the literature, and in the authors’ experience, it is evident that acupuncture in exotic and zoological species is increasing in use and within publications over time
Summary
Acupuncture in animals initially started with Zhao Fu and Bo Le [1,2]. Zhao Fu initially started using hemo-acupuncture at Jing-mai to treat diseases in horses during the Zhou-mu-gong period (947 to 928 B.C.) [2]. Perhaps one of the first non-domestic animals to be treated with Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine (TCVM) was the elephant [3]. The use of acupuncture, or TCVM, has gained popularity as a choice of therapy due to widespread opiate shortages, the desire to minimize the use of opiates in veterinary medicine, and in the pursuit of additional multimodal tools to treat patients [15]. Non-domestic animals, or exotic animals, are becoming increasingly popular pets and the authors have noticed that their owners are seeking veterinary care of a similar caliber to that of domestic animals
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