Abstract
The phase transformations associated with the shape memory effects can be used to design cantilever-type microactuators with the behavior controlled in a wider range, compared to bulk homogenous shape memory alloy actuators. The displacement of the free end of such micro-actuating cantilevers is modeled taking into account the succession of the martensite-austentite transitions in one or more films, deposited on non-transforming substrates or structurally in graded ribbons. The case of cantilever-type actuators with single homogenous as well as with graded films is analyzed for different architectures and phase transformations occurring in the actuating shape memory alloys. It is revealed that the actuation depends on the sequence of transformations across the thickness of the shape memory materials. The models discussed are based on shape memory alloys undergoing one or more thermally controlled phase transformation and based on combinations using also thermal and magnetic controlled transformations.
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