Actualización en el tratamiento de la osteoporosis: manejo desde una unidad del dolor (1.ª parte)

Abstract

Osteoporosis (OP) is defined as a skeletal disorder characterized by decreased bone strength, which predisposes to an increase in fracture risk. In Europe produced 2.7 million fragility fractures in both men and women with a direct cost of 36 billion euros. These fractures are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The risk of osteoporotic fracture is determined by the presence of one or more risk factors and decreased bone mineral density (BMD) assessed by Dual Energy technique absortiometry X-ray (DEXA) densitometry. The indication for treatment is made based on the absolute risk of fragility fracture. In patients with a low risk of fracture are sufficient hygienic measures, preventing falls and maintaining an adequate intake of calcium and vitamin D. In patients with a moderate risk should be individualized drug treatment need and initiate treatment in those at high risk of fracture. The most commonly used drugs are bisphosphonates, inhibitors of bone resorption, also used as hormone teriparatide, osteoanabolic drug and monoclonal antibodies such as denosumab.