Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are monoclonal antibodies that inhibit molecular interaction between an immune checkpoint and its ligand, which leads to increased anti-tumoral immune response. Programmed Death-1 (PD-1) and Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte Associated 4 (CTLA-4) are the most commonly known immune checkpoints.ICI now have their place in the management of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), with FDA approvals after chemotherapy for nivolumab, pembrolizumab (anti-PD-1 antibodies) and atezolizumab (anti-PD-LI antibody), and as 1st line treatment for advanced NSCLC without EGFR mutation or ALK rearrangement, with strong (≥50%) PD-L1 (Programmed Death Ligand 1) expression for pembrolizumab.More recently, durvalumab (anti-PD-LI antibody) was approved as consolidation after chemo-radiotherapy for locally advanced NSCLC.In this chapter, we will develop the prospects for ICI in localized perioperative stages and recent results regarding combinations of ICI with chemotherapy or other ICIs in 1st line treatment for advanced NSCLC.
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