Actual Conditions of Mixed Public–Private Planning for Housing Complexes in Beijing

Chu Chu,Suguru Mori,Rie Nomura

doi:10.3390/su11082409

Abstract

Mixed habitation environments have gradually proved to be an effective planning method to promote social integration in many countries. However, due to the differences in the social backgrounds of each country, it is essential to implement construction methods suitable for local conditions. On the other hand, the planning theories and construction methods discussed from multiple perspectives, including an architectural perspective of spatial forms, have been insufficient, which is not conducive to constructing a sustainable dwelling environment. This article aims to clarify the planning status of spatial forms and their issues by investigating existing projects with mixed habitation environments in China. Unlike other countries that have implemented relevant policies for many years, China has just begun to explore relevant schemes (i.e., public-rental housing in private-owned housing complexes) aiming to promote mixed habitation environments. The selected research objects included all projects already inhabited at the end of June 2017 in the city of Beijing. Through field survey, the research objects were divided into eight types via an analysis of building layouts and residents’ traffic lines. The results show that out of the many research objects, two kinds of housing were clearly distinctive, and only a few research objects matched the basic conditions to be defined as a mixed habitation. The conditions are not conducive to the formation of mixed habitation; therefore, a more detailed discussion on how to design a mixed habitation environment is necessary to aid further research.

Highlights

The research objects targeted for this research were public-rental housing (PRH) units selected by an open-recruit system, and all objects that qualified as housing provided for low income households that do not own a dwelling, occupied by the end of June 2017
Regarding the question “Do the mixed housing complexes with a plan for residents’ interaction fulfill the environment of the interactions between the PRH and POH residents”, the relationship of location between the PRH and the POH (Section 3.1.1) and the existence of an inside boundary was determined in all research objects (Section 3.1.2)
Regarding the question “Are there other outcomes of promoting or obstructing the opportunity for PRH residents to mingle with POH residents”, the analysis of the location of PRH buildings (Section 3.2.1) executed among research objects without inside boundaries was utilized, in addition to official and unofficial gates to housing complexes (Section 3.2.2) and the relationship between residents’ traffic line and the PRH building locations

Summary

Introduction

Owing to the excessive gap between household incomes, the Chinese government has created different types of housing, including rentals and owned property rights, based on the demands of different income groups. The housing was intended for medium-low income households having owned property rights, with criteria on the price limit (a price discount based on the anticipated selling price of neighboring housings) and housing area, called affordable housing [2,3]. To prevent the deteriorating situation, since 2010, for the majority of young people who have never owned a dwelling, as well as for medium-low income households not owning a dwelling, public-rental housing (PRH) has been available.

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