ACTUAL AND CONTROVERSIAL PROBLEMS OF MODERN SOIL SCIENCE AND GEOGRAPHY OF SOIL

Abstract

Problem Statement and Purpose. Soil Science as an integrated basic science should be developed in harmony with the basic theoretical and applied chapters units. Global and regional environmental management projects should take into account the systemic nature of soils and their multifunctionality. But the gap between the achievements of soil science and economic use of soil are leading to lack of demand of soil science and ignoring it in society. The consequence of this attitude to the soil are significant economic costs in economic activity and environmental threats. Object of research is actual and controversial problems of modern soil science and geography of soils, subject – the problematic issues of the genesis, the using, reproduction, protection, geography of soils. The evaluation of theoretical basis and system of principles, views and opinions of problematic issues of modern soil science and soil geography is the purpose of the research.Data & Methods. The starting materials of this research were theoretical developmentts and publications on problem issues of development and functioning of soil science and some debatable issues of soil science and soil geography. Using of general, philosophical and specific scientific methods of scientific knowledge made it possible to substantiate the tasks in solving actual problems of soil science.Results. Location of soil in focus of natural and anthropogenic interactions will inevitably lead to the necessity of formulating and solving actual problems of general biosphere character. An important and unexplored problem is the relationship between plants and soil, to elucidate the role of plants in soil formation heterogeneity. Based on the variability of soils, depending on changes in soil forming process, argue that the main task of basic soil research is to apply the principle of hierarchical organization, and the study of soil at the level of the elementary soil processes requires comprehensive knowledge to forecast possible changes. Therefore, the experience of global and regional forecasts allows the use of point studies for generalized constructs and extrapolation. Spatial heterogeneity of soil properties requires improving our understanding of the peculiarities of soil as anisotropic body of the nature. By using geostatistical methods we can determine the degree of diversity of soil properties.New approaches of soil-geographical zoning have important theoretical importance, because they consider the structure of soil at a higher organizational level, characterizing not spatial-typological, but structural difference between different regional units of soil. Using geographic information systems play an important role in solving the problems of soil science. Computer technology makes it possible to simulate soil processes and soil properties, create imitating models of interaction between factors of soil forming. Using GIS technology, we can create maps, coordinating field data with the global satellite geo-referenced.Soil is the most important repository of global biodiversity. An important issue is to protect the biodiversity of soils in order to preserve their ecological functions. Environmental imperatives must be the basis of activity soil users.