Abstract
The Countryside Surveys of 1990 and 2000 are introduced and their methodological or ontological differences described. Actor–network theory examines the processes by which individual scientific claims are supported, debated and constructed by determining the interactions, connections and activities of the actors involved. The actors and their networks for the Countryside Surveys of 1990 and 2000 are compared. Such an analysis provides a description of why science evolves. Changes in the commissioning context behind scientific results and the process by which empirical facts are established are clearly illustrated. This type of analysis goes beyond the technological developments that would be revealed if only the scientific elements were examined. This type of analysis provides a useful tool to those seeking to reconcile ontological and semantic differences between scientific data.
Highlights
The real world is almost infinitely complex, fuzzy and dynamic
In 1990 and in 1998 the field survey data was complemented by a national land cover survey derived from the classification of satellite data. 2.1 Countryside Survey 1990 Countryside Survey in 1990 (CS1990) adopted a dual approach to land cover, complementing the detailed field survey of 508 1 km2 sample squares (FS1990) with a national census produced from satellite data (LCMGB)
It is inevitable that not all actors and activities can be included. We believe that these diagrams are informative and that they do encapsulate the issues around the commissioning and production of the land cover products
Summary
The real world is almost infinitely complex, fuzzy and dynamic. Geographic data is a sub-set of information that represents some features, attributes and objects of the world; typically it includes both physical (e.g. land cover, soil type) and socio-economic (e.g. land use, soil capability) facets. 2.1 Countryside Survey 1990 CS1990 adopted a dual approach to land cover, complementing the detailed field survey of 508 1 km sample squares (FS1990) with a national census produced from satellite data (LCMGB). The LCMGB was the first complete survey of the land cover of Great Britain to be mapped from satellite imagery It was produced using a supervised maximum likelihood classification of Landsat Thematic Mapper data that had been resampled to a pixel size of 25 x 25 m. The recording only of change (and not the data primitives) assumes that the broad habitats will still be the currency of reporting land cover information for any future Countryside Survey, and provides a bias against reporting (what may be fatuous) change. This undermines the value of the field survey method that has recorded plant species and vegetation data consistently over time, allowing historical data to be re-analysed with respect to changed reporting frameworks (such as Broad Habitats in 2000)
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