Abstract
Cytokinesis is the final process in the cell cycle that physically divides one cell into two. In budding yeast, cytokinesis is driven by a contractile actomyosin ring (AMR) and the simultaneous formation of a primary septum, which serves as template for cell wall deposition. AMR assembly, constriction, primary septum formation and cell wall deposition are successive processes and tightly coupled to cell cycle progression to ensure the correct distribution of genetic material and cell organelles among the two rising cells prior to cell division. The role of the AMR in cytokinesis and the molecular mechanisms that drive AMR constriction and septation are the focus of current research. This review summarizes the recent progresses in our understanding of how budding yeast cells orchestrate the multitude of molecular mechanisms that control AMR driven cytokinesis in a spatio-temporal manner to achieve an error free cell division.
Highlights
Cytokinesis is the final process in the cell cycle that physically divides one cell into two
Cytokinesis is driven by a contractile actomyosin ring (AMR) and the simultaneous formation of a primary septum, which serves as template for cell wall deposition
This review summarizes the recent progresses in our understanding of how budding yeast cells orchestrate the multitude of molecular mechanisms that control AMR driven cytokinesis in a spatio-temporal manner to achieve an error free cell division
Summary
The core of the AMR is comprised of actin filaments, myosin-II heavy chain (Myo1), essential and regulatory myosin light chains (Mlc and Mlc2) and associated proteins, which coordinate AMR constriction with septum formation (see Table 1 for a list of the major proteins involved in cytokinesis). GTP binding proteins, filament formation; scaffold for AMR assembly Myo recruitment before cytokinesis; crosslinks septin filaments Nucleator of actin filaments Formin activation; actin ring assembly Rho activation; involved in actin ring assembly Binds and stabilizes actin filaments Actin binding protein essential for actin filament nucleation Actin filament organization; interacts with Mlc; AMR stability during constriction. Binds both actin monomers and filaments, actin filament severing and depolymerization Ubiquitin ligase that promotes the proteasome mediated degradation of AMR remnants after constriction Ubiquitin ligase that promotes Hof degradation; contributes to AMR constriction. GTPase that regulates secondary septum biogenesis by Fks activation catalytic subunit of 1,3 beta-D-glucan synthase Rho recruitment to the cell division site Chitin synthesis
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