Activity of the Succinate Dehydrogenase Inhibitor Fungicide Benzovindiflupyr Against Clarireedia spp.

Abstract

Dollar spot (DS), caused by Clarireedia spp. (formerly Sclerotinia homoeocarpa), is one of the most important diseases of turfgrasses worldwide. Benzovindiflupyr, a pyrazole carboxamide fungicide belonging to succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors, was recently registered for DS control. In this study, baseline sensitivity, toxicity, and control efficacy of benzovindiflupyr against Clarireedia spp. were evaluated. The frequency of sensitivities had a unimodal distribution (Kolmogorov-Smirnov, P > 0.10). The mean EC50 value was 1.109 ± 0.555 μg/ml, with individual values ranging from 0.160 to 2.548 μg/ml. Benzovindiflupyr increased the number of hyphal offshoots and cell membrane permeability and inhibited oxalic acid production. Positive cross-resistance was observed between benzovindiflupyr and boscalid, but not between benzovindiflupyr and thiophanate-methyl, propiconazole, or iprodione. Benzovindiflupyr showed high protective and curative control efficacies in vivo and in field applications. Both protective and curative control efficacies of benzovindiflupyr were significantly better than propiconazole, and equivalent to boscalid, over 2 years of field research. The results have important implications for managing DS and fungicide resistance problems in Clarireedia spp.