Abstract
Heart failure (HF) incidence could cause further complications to other body organs, which might sometimes be fatal, and is accompanied by various biochemical alterations i.e. enzymatic changes. The objective of this study was to measure the activity of gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) as an early diagnostic indicator for HF patients; and to isolate the iso-enzymes for the purpose of finding the Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) and the maximum velocity Vmax of each iso-enzymes which enable follow up the development of HF disease. Samples of blood sera were collected from 120 patients of both genders (70 males and 50 female, aged 30 - 38 years old). Partial purification of iso-enzyme GGT was performed by precipitation, gel filtration, and ion exchange of the two iso-enzyme (I and II). The purity of the enzyme was confirmed by using Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacryl amide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) into two clear bands. The results were compared with other 80 samples of healthy volunteers whose ages ranged between 25 - 78 years old, used as control. There has been a significant increase (p ≤ 0.01) in the activity of the enzyme GGT in the heart failure patient (66.9 ± 1.7 IU/L) in comparison with control (12.07 ± 0.60 IU/L). It is concluded that measurements of the iso-enzyme GGT could well benefit as a clear indicator criteria in prognosis of heart failure.
Highlights
The objective of this study was to measure the activity of gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) as an early diagnostic indicator for heart failure (HF) patients; and to isolate the iso-enzymes for the purpose of finding the Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) and the maximum velocity Vmax of each iso-enzymes which enable follow up the development of HF disease
A significant difference (p ≤ 0.01) in the activity of the enzyme GGT in the male HF patients sera was noticeably higher in patients aged above forty years old in comparison with those of below 40 years old which overlapped between the genders in comparison with the control (Table 1)
High levels of the enzyme GGT detected has been an early forecast for development of a premature arteriosclerosis and other cardiovascular diseases, i.e. myocardial infarction, heart failure, stroke, and diabetes, as well as increase the enzyme level in cases of triglycerides high cholesterol liver disease and excessive alcohol consumption factor [24] [25] [28]-[37]
Summary
The gamma-glutamyltransferatse (GGT) is an enzyme, of molecular weight 68,000 Dalton found in many tissues, e.g. liver, gallbladder, spleen, pancreas, and kidneys that play a fundamental role in metabolism of glutathione as an anti oxidant agent [1] [2] [3]. Other lines of evidence indicate that GGT can exert a pro-oxidant role, with regulatory effects at various levels in cellular signal transduction and cellular pathophysiology [5]. Elevated levels of GGT are noted in the sera of patients with alcoholic cirrhosis [10] and in primary or secondary (metastatic) neoplasms [11]. Normal values are observed in renal failure and in various muscle diseases e.g. skeletal disease, children older than 1 year and in healthy pregnant women-conditions [13]
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