Abstract
This study investigated the protective effects of secondary bacterial metabolites, produced by Pseudomonas sp. (bacterium strain LN), on citrus canker disease caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri (Xac 306). The LN bacteria strain was cultured in liquid medium and the supernatant free-cells was treated with methanol (AMF) and ethyl acetate (AEF), respectively, and then the extract was concentrated, filtrated, lyophilized and fractionated by vacuum liquid chromatography (VLC). After VLC, eight fractions were obtained. All fractions’ activity against Xac 306 by agar well diffusion assay and minimum inhibitory concentration but in different concentrationswere tested. Cytotoxicity effects were observed in all fractions in 50 μg·mL-1 concentration. The comet assay demonstrated that the fractions EAF, VLC2 and VLC3 presented no genotoxic effects at tested concentrations. In plants only VLC3 showed significant results (p
Highlights
Citrus canker (CC), caused by the bacterium Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri (Xac), is a serious worldwild disease in citrus production [1]
In this experiment antimicrobial activity as tested in all fraction obtained from supernatant of LN culture extracted by ethyl acetate (EAF and AMF) and obtained from EAF fractionation in vacuum liquid chromatography extracted with n-hexane (VLC1), dichloromethane (VLC2), ethyl acetate (VLC3), methanol (VLC4), water: methanol mix v:v (VLC5), and distilled water (VLC6)
LN strain on the severity of citrus canker lesion caused in C. sinensis cv
Summary
Citrus canker (CC), caused by the bacterium Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri (Xac), is a serious worldwild disease in citrus production [1]. Citrus canker (CC), caused by the bacterium Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. Citri (Xac), is a serious worldwild disease in citrus production [1]. The pathogen causes necrotic lesions on leaves, stems and fruits. Severe infections can cause defoliation, blemished fruits, premature fruit drop, twig dieback, general tree decline [2], and consequent yield decrease. The losses can reach hundreds of millions of dollars per year. In Florida, US$ 200 millions had been spent until 2001, not including the losses with the elimination of contaminated trees and plantlets [3]. The infective process begins with the entrance of Xac through natural openings (stomata) or wounds. The earliest symptoms on leaves appear, under optimum conditions, as slightly raised tiny blisterlike lesions about 4 - 7 days after inoculation [5]. They turn brown, and a water-soaked margin appears surrounded by a chlorotic halo
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