Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the activity of oxidative stress biomarkers (total superoxide dismutase - Tot SOD; and copper and zinc-containing superoxide dismutase - CuZn SOD; manganese-containing superoxide dismutase - Mn SOD; catalase - CAT; glutathione peroxidase - GSH-Px; and glutathione reductase - GR), as well as the biotransformation phase II enzyme glutathione-S-transferase (GST), in the white muscle of red mullet (Mullus barbatus L.) at Platamuni (PL) and Valdanos (VAL) in the Adriatic Sea during the winter and spring seasons. The obtained results show both site and seasonal influences on the investigated parameters, with lower enzyme activities at VAL than at PL and in spring than in winter.
Highlights
Marine and freshwater environments are home to a vast diversity of organisms
Negative side effects include the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are continuously produced during aerobic metabolism, and their toxicity to the main biological components is counteracted by the activities of many cell defense mechanisms (Stohs et al, 2000)
Protein concentration was significantly higher in the white muscle of fish from PL in spring compared to winter (p
Summary
Marine and freshwater environments are home to a vast diversity of organisms. According to the assumptions behind environmental risk assessment (ERA), oxidative stress biomarkers include both enzymatic [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione reductase (GR), and the biotransformation phase II enzyme glutathione-S-transferase (GST)] (Van der Oost et al, 2003) and nonenzymatic (Cadenas, 1989) components. Generation of ROS in fish may be influenced by variations in the concentration of dissolved oxygen of the aquatic environment, water salinity, developmental stage, nutritional challenges, and the presence of physical stress or xenobiotics, as deduced from changes observed in the activity of antioxidant enzymes (Trenzado et al, 2009)
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