Activity of mammalian secreted phospholipase A 2 from inflammatory peritoneal fluid towards PEG-liposomes. Early indications

Abstract

Due to an increase in the activity of phospholipase A 2 (PLA 2) in various inflammatory diseases, this enzyme may play a key role in the degradation of liposomes and the subsequent release of drug when PEG-liposomes passively target inflammatory tissue. The activity of mammalian secreted phospholipase A 2 (sPLA 2) in casein stimulated peritoneal fluid was tested toward liposomes of different compositions. Early results indicate only a slight degradation of conventional dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) liposomes as well as DPPC liposomes incorporated with different concentrations of PEG 2000. However, the DPPC degradation increased to 7% when inclusion of 30 mol% phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) in the lipid bilayer. The increase in degradation may be due to an improvement of the substrate — as it is well known, that PE is a better substrate for the mammalian sPLA 2 than PC. Incorporation of PE into the bilayer may increase the binding properties of the bilayer resulting in improved conditions for the enzymatic attack by sPLA 2. In addition, inhibitory zones of Staphylococcus aureus in an agar diffusion test showed that PLA 2 from Crotalus atrox venom was able to catalyze the release of gentamicin from PEG-liposomes. In conclusion, this study suggest that degradation of the lipid bilayer of PEG-liposomes by PLA 2 result in release of incapsulated drug, e.g. gentamicin and inclusion of PE in the liposomal bilayer, may enhance the activity of the mammalian sPLA 2 toward liposomes composed of DPPC.