Abstract
Amoeba treatment of patients suffering from pri-mary amoebic meningoencephalitis caused by Naegleria fowleri has not been successful. Dam-aged morphology and effect on genes of N. fowleri as the result of its initial interaction with drug may provide clue to the success of treatment. In this study, we investigated the activity of chlorpromazine compared with amphotericin B and voriconazole against N.fowleri Khon Kaen strain using cell based assay and molecular techniques. Scanning electron and light micro-graph showed the drug interaction of treated amoebae with 0.098 ug/ml chlorpromazine was faster than 0.002 ug/ml amphotericin B and 12.5 ug/ml of voriconazole. The morphological cha-racteristics of treated amoebae with Gomori’s trichrome stain correlated to the scanning elec-tron microscope study. The effect of drugs to nfa1 and Mp2CL5 genes of treated amoebae found that at 120 min post exposure, chlorpromazine, voriconazole inhibited both genes except amphotericin B. Most of drug inhibited nfa1 except fluconazole. The results evaluated that chlorpromazine was higher potency and rapidly activity than amphotericin B and voriconazole against N. fowleri trophozoites.
Highlights
Naegleria fowleri, amoebo-flagellate free-living, is the causative agent of primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) in humans, a fatal disease of central nervous system that affects mainly children and young adults [1].The sensitivity of drugs against N. fowleri has been studied since 1982 [2]
The morphology changing of cells was stained with Gormori’s trichrome and detected under light microscope as well as the ultrastructure surface membrane was investigated by scanning electron microscope
It was indicating that patterns of drug panel against N. fowleri were demonstrated by scanning electron microscope
Summary
Amoebo-flagellate free-living, is the causative agent of primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) in humans, a fatal disease of central nervous system that affects mainly children and young adults [1]. Stains have been used for classify microorganisms; acid- fast stain, fluorochrome stain, gram stain Gormori’s trichrome stain is rapid and cost-effective information for preliminary diagnosis of infectious diseases This technique is simple procedure that produce well-stained smear of intestinal protozoa, human cell, yeast cells, and artifact material [4]. No report has been studied the effect of drugs against morphology and virulent genes of N. fowleri. We focus on series morphological damage as well as effect of gene expression of treated amoebae. The morphology changing of cells was stained with Gormori’s trichrome and detected under light microscope as well as the ultrastructure surface membrane was investigated by scanning electron microscope. The effect of drugs in our experiment was derived from a previous report on these agents on N. fowleri
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