ACTIVITY OF ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERSING ENZYME-2 IN ACUTE PULMONARY INFLAMMATION

Abstract

Relevance. Angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE2), which is the gateway to coronavirus, is also an important component of the tissue renin-angiotensin system with a number of anti-inflammatory effects. It is known that ACE2 is expressed in the lungs of patients with coronavirus pneumonia, but it is not clear how this depends on the stages of development and the severity of inflammation.
 Objective: to establish the effect of acute inflammation on pulmonary expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme-2.
 Material and methods. In Wistar rats (n=20), in compliance with bioethical standards, a sterile nylon thread 2.5 cm long and 0.2 mm thick to a depth of 2.5 cm was introduced into the trachea. The animals were observed and removed from the experiment at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days, microscopic and immunohistochemical (monoclonal antibodies against ACE2; clone 4G5.1; EMD Millipore Corporation; Temecula, CA US) studies were performed.
 Results. The microscopic picture of the lungs indicated the development of acute bronchopulmonary inflammation during the first week, the formation of peribronchial and alveolar abscesses in the second week with the onset of resolution of bronchopneumonia with the organization of abscesses in the third week and the development of diffuse fibrosis of the parenchyma and vascular hyalinosis in the fourth week of observation. The exudative phase of acute inflammation was accompanied by inhibition of ACE2 activity in bronchial epithelial cells, type II alveolocytes and vascular endothelium. With the transition of inflammation to the stage of proliferation and fibrosis, ACE2 activity was restored.
 Conclusion. The detected phase change in ACE2 activity can cause a wavy recurrent course of coronavirus infection, since an increase in the amount of ACE2 protein during attenuation of acute inflammation contributes to an increase in target cell infection.