Abstract
Objective: Eleutherine palmifolia (L.) Merr. extract (EPE) containing isoliquiritigenin and oxyresveratrol is believed to be an anticancer agent. This study evaluates colon histopathology, TNF-α, TGF-β, and hepatotoxicity on BALB/c mice colitis-associated colon cancer (CAC) model treated with EPE. Methods:In vivo study was performed on BALB/c mice CAC model induced by 10 mg/kgBW AOM on the first day followed by administration that each cycle consisted of 5% DSS in water for seven days and regular water for seven days. The indicators of the formation of CAC were observed by a fecal occult blood test (FOBT) and serum amyloid α (SAA) test. The treatment was conducted once a week started from the seventh week up to the twentieth week with six treatment groups: I was administrated by regular water only (negative control), II was administrated by AOM and DSS only (positive control), III was administrated by doxorubicin, IV-VI were treated by EPE (0.25 mg/kg BW, 0.50 mg/kg BW, and 1.00 mg/kg BW) respectively. The colon and liver’s histopathology was observed using hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, TNF-α with immunohistochemistry (IHC), and level measurement of TGF-β colon with ELISA reader. The data were used one-way ANOVA followed by post hoc as statistical analysis. Results:The administration of EPE increased the expression of TNF-α, the total of goblet cells of the colon, and decreased the level of TGF-β. Administration of EPE 0.50 mg/20g BW decreased a liver histopathological score but induced a histopathological alteration of the liver at a dose of 1.00 mg/20g BW. Conclusion:This study indicate that EPE could be recommended as a colon anticancer through increase the goblet cells, induce apoptosis through increase TNF-α, and decrease TGF-β.
Highlights
Colorectal cancer is the second fatal cause of death for men and third cause of death for women
This study evaluates colon histopathology, TNF-α, TGF-β, and hepatotoxicity on BALB/c mice colitis-associated colon cancer (CAC) model treated with Eleutherine palmifolia (L.) Merr. extract (EPE)
The treatment was conducted once a week started from the seventh week up to the twentieth week with six treatment groups: I was administrated by regular water only, II was administrated by AOM and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) only, III was administrated by doxorubicin, IV-VI were treated by EPE (0.25 mg/kg BW, 0.50 mg/kg BW, and 1.00 mg/kg BW) respectively
Summary
Colorectal cancer is the second fatal cause of death for men and third cause of death for women. According to the Global Burden of Cancer (GLOBOCAN) 2013, there are around 12.8 people among 100.000 people in Indonesia that may suffer from colorectal cancer with mortality rate 9.5% of all cancer disease. The risk factors of colon cancer were increased with colitis. Ulcerative colitis (UC), a chronic disease in colon mucosa is commonly caused by the interaction of several factors including environmental, genetic, and immunologic (Rogler, 2014). The mutational inactivation of TGF-β that combines with tumor suppressor adenomatous polyposis coli (Apc) in the epithelial intestinal cell is develops invasive adenocarcinomas (Calon et al, 2012). The active TGF-β is fewer, it cannot do its physiological function to pressing T-cell proliferation (Guda et al, 2003)
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