Activity and Stability of Carbide Derived Carbon Supports in PEMFC Application

Abstract

Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are regarded as a promising alternative energy conversion devices for both mobile and stationary applications. Main problems hindering the wide-scale commercialization of PEMFCs are high overpotential for oxygen electroreduction reaction (ORR) at the cathode decreasing the efficiency as well as the instability of porous carbon supports in fuel cell working conditions. Therefore, novel catalyst materials are being sought for PEMFC applications [1, 2]. Hierarchical microporous-mesoporous carbon supports were prepared from molybdenum carbide using the high temperature chlorination method. Prepared materials exhibited high specific surface area and large mesopore volume [3-4]. Thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, low temperature nitrogen sorption and high resolution transmission electron microscopy methods were used to characterize the structure of the synthesized catalyst materials. Prepared catalysts were used in the single cell measurements. Catalyst coated membrane method was used to prepare the MEAs using ultrasonic spaying technique. The polarization curves and chronopotentiometric measurements were conducted to evaluate the activity and stability of the catalyst materials synthesized. From cyclic voltammetry the electrochemically active surface area values were calculated and used to estimate the contact surface of platinum nanoparticles and Nafion electrolyte. The series resistance of electrolyte, polarization resistance and activation energy values have been calculated from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy data. It was established that prepared carbon materials with well-defined properties are excellent objects to study the impact of the catalyst support properties on the performance of a PEM fuel cell. It was found that the novel synthesized catalyst materials are very stable and catalytically active towards ORR. Therefore, prepared materials are suitable for PEMFC applications. Acknowledgements. This work was supported by Estonian target research project IUT20-13, Personal Research Grant PUT1033, Estonian Centre of Excellence Project No. 2014-2020.4.01.15-0011. References S. Sepp, K. Vaarmets, J. Nerut, I. Tallo, E. Tee, H. Kurig, J. Aruväli, R. Kanarbik, E. Lust, Electrochim. Acta 2016, 203, 221−229.S. Sepp, K. Vaarmets, J. Nerut, I. Tallo, E. Tee, H. Kurig, J. Aruväli, R. Kanarbik, E. Lust, J. Solid State Electrochem. 2016, 21(4), 1035–1043.S. Sepp, E. Härk, P. Valk, K. Vaarmets, J. Nerut, R. Jäger, E. Lust, J. Solid State Electrochem. 2014, 18(5), 1223 – 1229.E. Lust, K. Vaarmets, J. Nerut, I. Tallo, P. Valk, S. Sepp, E. Härk, Electrochim. Acta 2014, 140, 294-303.