Activities of Enzymes Involved in Glutamine Metabolism in Connection with Energy Production in the Gastrointestinal Tract Epithelium of Newborn, Suckling and Weaned Piglets

Abstract

Changes in the activity of enzymes involved in glutaminolysis and energy metabolism in the entire gastrointestinal (GI) tract of developing piglets are presented for the first time. The activities of glutaminase, glutamate dehydrogenase, oxoglutarate dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase and alanine aminotransferase in the epithelium along the gastrointestinal tract from newborn, suckling (2–4 weeks old) and weaned (9 weeks old) piglets were investigated. The activity of glutaminase in the epithelium from the small intestine and colon was higher (p < 0.05) in weaned piglets than in newborn and suckling piglets. In addition, glutamate dehydrogenase and alanine aminotransferase activities in the small intestinal epithelium were higher (p < 0.05) for weaned piglets than for newborns. The activity of oxoglutarate dehydrogenase in the epithelium of the small intestine was significantly lower in newborn and suckling piglets compared with weaned individuals. The activity of isocitrate dehydrogenase in the epithelium along the gastrointestinal tract was higher (p < 0.05) for suckling and weaned piglets than for newborn piglets. The present data indicate that the utilization of substrates for energy production differs markedly between the stomach, small intestine and colon of growing piglets. Also, the capacity of enzymes in the epithelium of the GI tract to utilize acetyl-CoA as an energy substrate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle increased with piglet age. The epithelium of the GI tract of the newborn, suckling and weaned piglets showed a high capacity to metabolize α-ketoglutarate.