Activities of cellulose acetate and microcrystalline cellulose on the thermal and morphomechanical performances of a biobased hybrid composite made polybutylene succinate

Abstract

Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC–30 wt%) was extruded with a blend of polybutylene succinate (PBS) and cellulose acetate (CADS=2.5–20 wt%) to produce two grades of binary (PBS/CA, PBS/MCC) and ternary (PBS/CA/MCC) specimens by injection into a mold previously thermostated at 22 °C and 78 °C. The structure-property relationships of neat PBS (n-PBS) and PBS-based blends were investigated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), rheology, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetry, and mechanical (tensile, bending) tests. FTIR/DRIFT outcomes revealed physical interactions between the ingredients through hydrogen bonds. Rheology and SEM evidenced the presence of entanglements and micro-voids absent in n-PBS. Non-isothermal DSC showed that 22 °C-molded formulations displayed crystalline degrees higher than 78 °C-specimens, except for PBS/MCC. DSC-isothermal analysis showed a hindrance effect of CA on PBS/CA crystallinity and a nucleating impact of MCC on PBS/MCC. Tensile and bending moduli increased for both material grades while the elongation at break decreased. Entanglements and micro-voids had detrimental effects on stress levels because the maximum tensile strength decreased when each or both biofillers were added to PBS. These structural configurations were beneficial for bending strengths since all blends' stiffness relatively increased regardless of material grade.