Abstract
In fusion devices, such as European Demonstration Fusion Power Reactor (EU DEMO), primary neutrons can cause material activation due to the interaction between the source particles and the targeting material. Subsequently, the reactor’s inner components become activated. For safety and safe performance purposes, it is necessary to evaluate neutron-induced activities. Activities results from divertor reflector and liner plates are presented in this work. The purpose of liner shielding plates is to protect the vacuum vessel and magnet coils from neutrons. As for reflector plates, the function is to shield the cooling components under plasma-facing components from alpha particles, thermal effects, and impurities. Plates are made of Eurofer with a 3 mm layer of tungsten, while the water is used for cooling purposes. The calculations were performed using two EU DEMO MCNP (Monte Carlo N-Particles) models with different breeding blanket configurations: helium-cooled pebble bed (HCPB) and water-cooled lithium lead (WCLL). The TENDL–2017 nuclear data library has been used for activation reactions cross-sections and nuclear reactions. Activation calculations were performed using the FISPACT-II code at the end of irradiation for cooling times of 0 s–1000 years. Radionuclide analysis of divertor liner and reflector plates is also presented in this paper. The main radionuclides, with at least 1% contribution to the total value of activation characteristics, were identified for the previously mentioned cooling times.
Highlights
More and more governments are investing in “green technologies,” renewable energy sources, and the reduction of fossil fuel usage [1]
The three main facilities mentioned on the fusion roadmap are International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER), European Demonstration Fusion Power Reactor (EU DEMO,) and International Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility DEMO Oriented Neutron Source (IFMIF-DONES) [8]
Near-term: Construction, research and development of ITER, IFMIF-DONES, and DEMO conceptual design, and research to determine whether stellarator is a cheaper, easier way to reach fusion; Medium-term: Utilize ITER to its full potential to construct the best version of DEMO
Summary
More and more governments are investing in “green technologies,” renewable energy sources, and the reduction of fossil fuel usage [1]. The three main facilities mentioned on the fusion roadmap are International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER), European Demonstration Fusion Power Reactor (EU DEMO,) and International Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility DEMO Oriented Neutron Source (IFMIF-DONES) [8]. Near-term: Construction, research and development of ITER, IFMIF-DONES, and DEMO conceptual design, and research to determine whether stellarator is a cheaper, easier way to reach fusion; Medium-term: Utilize ITER to its full potential to construct the best version of DEMO and possible further development of the stellarator concept; Long-term: Using results from ITER performance, finalized design of DEMO and its construction At this point, there will be qualified long-life materials for DEMO and power plants [8]. There will be qualified long-life materials for DEMO and power plants [8] These three steps provide a realistic timescale when magnetic confined fusion demonstrates commercial electricity production. The fusion roadmap forms a reasonable basis for the European fusion program [8]
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