Active waveguide devices by Ag–Na ion exchange on erbium–ytterbium doped phosphate glasses

Abstract

Arrays of buried channel waveguide lasers and amplifiers were fabricated by silver–sodium ion exchange in erbium–ytterbium doped phosphate glass substrates. The fabrication process, consisting of a thermal diffusion from fused salt followed by a field-assisted burial step, is optimized to get single-mode channel arrays fully compatible with standard single-mode fibres and fibre ribbon cables. The active channels were successfully tested realizing both lasers and amplifiers in the C-band suitable for optical communications. Erbium waveguide lasers exhibit a maximum output power of ∼1.7 mW and erbium-doped waveguide amplifiers provide a maximum internal gain of ∼11.3 dB at 1534 nm.