Abstract
Wavefront shaping (WFS) techniques have been used as a powerful tool to control light propagation in complex media, including multimode fibers. In this paper, we propose a new application of WFS for multimode fiber-based sensors. The use of a single multimode fiber alone, without any special fabrication, as a sensor based on the light intensity variations is not an easy task. The twist effect on multimode fiber is used as an example herein. Experimental results show that light intensity through the multimode fiber shows no direct relationship with the twist angle, but the correlation coefficient (CC) of speckle patterns does. Moreover, if WFS is applied to transform the spatially seemingly random light pattern at the exit of the multimode fiber into an optical focus. The focal pattern correlation and intensity both can serve to gauge the twist angle, with doubled measurement range and allowance of using a fast point detector to provide the feedback. With further development, WFS may find potentials to facilitate the development of multimode fiber-based sensors in a variety of scenarios.
Highlights
We propose a new application of wavefront shaping (WFS) for multimodeber sensing
We proposed a novel and straightforward twist sensor based on the specklegram correlation of multimodeber outputs, and we pilot explored the e±cacy of using optical WFS as active method to dynamically tune the performance of the sensor
The linear relationship between the twist angle and the focal intensity shows a great potential for high temporal resolution sensor design
Summary
Optical wavefront shaping (WFS) has drawn lots of attention due to its unique ability to control light propagation through/inside complex media, which shows a great potential to revolutionize imaging and light manipulation in biological tissue.[1,2,3,4,5,6] WFS has been demonstrated to mitigate the mode dispersion and coupling in multimode opticalbers (MMF) by utilizing a spatial light modulator (SLM) to control the wavefront of incident light.[7,8] By scanning focus through a multimodeber directly or revising the transmission matrix, many types of MMF-based endoscopies have been proposed,[9,10,11] exhibiting quite a few advantages in brain imaging overber bundle. By denition, are a class of sensors using the multimode interference analysis to retrieve information of external parameters.[16] As known, when light transmits through a multimodeber, a random speckle pattern can be observed due to the crosstalk of thousands (or even more) of modes insideber.[17] This process is quite similar to the phenomenon when coherent light goes through a scattering medium and a random speckle pattern is generated due to the scattering-induced phase distortions.[18] In both scenarios, scattering has been usually regarded as a nightmare that should be avoided; speckle patterns inside or through complex media has been one of the major noise sources in many applications
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