Abstract
Several transient and irreversible changes in thermal and mechanical tissue properties are known to occur during lesion formation using HIFU. Increase in tissue absorption, decrease in tissue perfusion, and increase in tissue hardness are all associated with tissue necrosis associated with the application of HIFU at sufficiently high dosage. We have apparatus and algorithms for estimation of these tissue properties before, during, and after lesion formation using HIFU. Imaging data are obtained synchronously with the application of HIFU and processed for tissue property measurement. Absorption rate, shear elastic modulus, and perfusion are measured by application of 1 HIFU pulse of duration 0.1 to 0.2 s and sub-therapeutic intensity levels. The HIFU beam is interrupted for collection of imaging lines to obtain a spatio-temporal displacement map with sufficient temporal resolution for viscoelastic tissue property measurements. A description of the imaging system and synchronization between the HIFU and imaging transducers is given. Data from lesion formation experiments in vitro and in vivo are given and discussed.
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