Active Temperature Regulation and Teamed Boronate Affinity-Facilitated Microelectrode Module for Blood Glucose Detection in Physiological Environment

Abstract

Physiological environment analysis is highly important to accurate detection of biological samples. In this work, a teamed boronate affinity-based molecular imprinting microelectrode module (MEM) with active temperature regulation was prepared for blood glucose detection in physiological environment. A silicon-based microelectrode array was utilized as working electrode, and arc-shaped electrodes on a printed circuit board contributed to a compact tri-electrode system. This module integrates a thermistor and a semiconductor cooler/heater, enabling active temperature regulation. Blood glucose were analyzed at physiological temperature. Physiological temperature retained primitiveness and avoided changing physicochemical properties of blood glucose. Meanwhile, constant temperature provided a constant adsorption capacity of functional materials towards glucose. Functional electrode materials, aminoferrocene-modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs-AFC) and teamed boronate affinity-based molecular imprinting polymers modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs-TBA-MIPs), were filled in the measurement cell to form MWCNTs-TBA-MIPs/AFC MEM. MWCNTs-TBA-MIPs/AFC MEM detected glucose in physiological environment within 10 min and possessed a wide linear range (1 ∼ 180 μM) and a low LOD (0.61 μM). With MWCNTs-TBA-MIPs/AFC MEM, blood glucose was determined selectively, eliminating the interferences from other co-existing molecules. Moreover, MWCNTs-TBA-MIPs/AFC MEM was employed to accurately measure the blood glucose in human serum, revealing its potential for biochemical detection.