Active-site-rich binary metal oxides integrated organic–inorganic hybrid nanocomposite: Electrochemical simultaneous detection of multi-drugs of isoprenaline and resorcinol in real samples

Abstract

In recent years, awareness on human health is increasing, which also increased the use of drugs to efficiently cure or halt the disease. Besides their certain beneficiary effects, it also triggers some alarming conditions in the body when the drug crosses a certain limit. Therefore, there is a need to develop efficient methods to detect the amount of the drug in the human body. In this work, for the first time, we developed a novel zinc manganate incorporated on polydopamine encapsulated reduced graphene oxide hybrid nanocomposite (rGO-pDA-ZnMnO3 HNC) efficient electro-catalyst for the simultaneous electrochemical detection of multi-drugs of Isoprenaline (IP) and Resorcinol (RC). The incorporation of the ZnMnO3 on rGO-pDA sheets indicates excellent conductivity due to its enhanced active sites and high surface area. The rGO-pDA-ZnMnO3 HNC was drop-casted on the surface of GCE and used as a superior electro-catalyst for individual and simultaneous detection of multi-drugs using CV and DPV. The DPV results showed excellent electrochemical performance, like IP and RC in linear ranges (LR) of 0.004 – 85.99 and 0.04 – 27.9 µM and lower limit values (LOD) of 3.1 and 7.1 nM, respectively. Further, the modified GCE has excellent interference capability, repeatability, and stability. Finally, the practical impact was demonstrated in real-time samples of human urine, tap water, and hair dyes. Remarkably, the recovery rate of IP and RC is ∼99 % and ∼98 %, respectively with RSD of less than 3 %, which authenticates the usefulness of the proposed sensor for real-time applications.