Abstract
In recent years, considerable attention has been paid to research and development of passive and active structural control devices, with particular emphasis on alleviation of wind and seismic response of buildings and bridges. In both areas, serious efforts have been undertaken to develop the structural control concept into a workable technology, and today we have many such devices installed in a wide variety of structures.
 The focus of this state-of-the-art paper is on active, semi-active and hybrid structural control with seismic applications. These systems employ controllable force devices integrated with sensors, controllers and real-time information processing. This paper includes a brief historical outline of their development and an assessment of the state-of-the-art and state-of-the-practice of this exciting, and still evolving, technology. Also included in the discussion are their advantages and limitations in the context of seismic design and retrofit of civil engineering structures.
Highlights
Active, semi-active and hybrid structural control systems are a natural evolution of passive control technologies such as base isolation and passive energy dissipation
An hybrid mass damper (HMD) is a combination of a passive tuned mass damper (TMD) and an active control actuator
Extensive studies have indicated that appropriately implemented semi-active systems perform significantly better than passive devices and have the potential to achieve the majority of the performance of fully active systems, allowing for the possibility of effective response reduction during a wide array of dynamic loading conditions
Summary
Considerable attention has been paid to research and development of passive and active structural control devices, with particular emphasis on alleviation of wind and seismic response of buildings and bridges. In both areas, serious efforts have been undertaken to develop the structural control concept into a workable technology, and today we have many such devices installed in a wide variety of structures. Serious efforts have been undertaken to develop the structural control concept into a workable technology, and today we have many such devices installed in a wide variety of structures The focus of this state-of-the-art paper is on active, semi-active and hybrid structural control with seismic applications. Included in the discussion are their advantages and limitations in the context of seismic design and retrofit of civil engineering structures
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