Abstract
In regions with high penetration of Distributed Energy Resources (DER), grid congestion is mostly caused by power feed-in of generators. In this context, conventional approaches for solving the grid congestion problems are Active Power Curtailment (APC) of DER and grid reinforcement. In the wake of increased DER generation, it is not only of interest how to obtain the grid reinforcement, but also how to consider APC during grid planning. The challenge of such grid planning is to determine the best combination of reinforcement and APC. We present a new grid planning method and use it to find the trade-off between APC and grid reinforcement in a case study of a High-Voltage (HV) grid with a future renewable energy scenario. We compare the proposed reinforcement method to two existing methods. With the combination of APC and grid reinforcement, the proposed method shows a decrease regarding the total expenditures.
Highlights
T HE increased development of Distributed Energy Resources (DER) can lead to grid congestion, which means that power lines would have to be operated above their nominal current limit in order to transport all the electricity generated
We define a linear programming (LP) problem based on distribution factors (DF) so as to obtain the reduction of power injection that is required to satisfy the constraints of line loading limits, while minimizing the overall costs of Active power curtailment (APC)
A combination of APC and grid reinforcement has a trade-off point which corresponds to the lowest expenditures and leads to substantial savings in comparison to solving grid congestion only with reinforcement or only with active power curtailment
Summary
T HE increased development of Distributed Energy Resources (DER) can lead to grid congestion, which means that power lines would have to be operated above their nominal current limit in order to transport all the electricity generated. DF based on AC load flow is used in an LP problem formulation in [14] to obtain cost-optimal APC We further enhance this method by iteratively applying the output of the optimization to the grid and re-calculating the DF to ensure a more accurate result. Every point of the curve represents a grid with a subset of its lines reinforced To obtain every such point, a time series simulation of one year is required in order to evaluate the maximally occurring overloading of the lines and to calculate the amount of APC that is necessary to maintain the grid operation with no overloading. The method to rank and select the lines for reinforcement influences the curve that describes the dependence of TOTEX on CAPEX and the obtained trade-off point. Afterwards, the introduced method is compared to the existing methods in a case study
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