Abstract
Active (Patient Specific) Immunotherapy of Colon Cancer: A Transition from Preclinical Studies to Successful Clinical Trials
Highlights
There are a large number of experimental cancer immunotherapies being tested in clinical trials of advanced disease patients, an underserved patient population
The current clinical and basic research is focused on reducing immune suppressive mechanisms that are present in tumors, and include treatment with monoclonal antibodies, ipilimumab and MDX-1106 which block Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Activation-4 (CTLA-4) [1,2], Programmed Death-1 (PD-1) [3] inhibitory molecules on T cells, respectively
In addition to suppression via molecules such as CTLA-4 and PD-1, myeloid lineage cells constitute a network of immune suppressive cells that are present in most cancer patients and which profoundly inhibit the expression of anti-tumor immunity
Summary
There are a large number of experimental cancer immunotherapies being tested in clinical trials of advanced disease patients, an underserved patient population. In addition to suppression via molecules such as CTLA-4 and PD-1, myeloid lineage cells constitute a network of immune suppressive cells that are present in most cancer patients and which profoundly inhibit the expression of anti-tumor immunity. This network includes myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMS), and dendritic cells (DC). The ultimate result of either strategy should/ could improve the treatment of established, late stage disease patients While these investigations have provided a novel direction for enhancing cancer immunotherapy, additional technologies still need than a century ago, Dr William Coley, a surgeon, was amazed that an aggressive sarcoma diagnosed in his patient, disappeared after the patient suffered a Streptococcus pyogenes infection following surgery. To be developed to identify tumor-associated antigens to mobilize the full power of an active anti-tumor immune response
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