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Abstract
This cross-sectional study compares the effectiveness of an active MMP-8 (aMMP-8) point-of-care (PoC)/chairside mouthrinse test to the conventional bleeding on probing (BOP) (cutoff 20%) test in detecting subclinical periodontitis/pre-periodontitis in Finnish adolescents. The study was carried out at the Kotka Health Center, Finland. A total of 47 adolescents (30 boys/17 girls) aged 15–17 were first tested with the aMMP-8 PoC test, followed by a full-mouth evaluation of clinical parameters of oral health including periodontal, oral mucosal, and caries assessment. A periodontist performed these clinical examinations. The aMMP-8 PoC test result had much stronger association with subclinical periodontitis than the BOP 20% test (2.8–5.3 times stronger in terms of odds ratio). The aMMP-8 PoC test had ≥2 times higher sensitivity than the BOP 20% test with, generally, the same specificity. Further, the aMMP-8 PoC test had generally better accuracy and lower false negative percentages. The aMMP-8 PoC test seemed to be more effective than the conventional BOP test in detecting subclinical periodontitis/pre-periodontitis in adolescents reducing the risk of their undertreatment. However, the sample size may be a limiting factor, and more studies are needed to confirm our results for both adolescents and adults.
Highlights
Activated matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) is a major destructive collagenase in periodontitis [1] but, a potential biomarker for initial periodontitis/subclinical periodontitis/pre-periodontitis as well as periodontitis [1,2,3,4,5]
Diagnostic odds ratios (OR) were higher for the active MMP-8 (aMMP-8) PoC test in all four cases compared to the conventional bleeding on probing (BOP) test
The main finding of this study was that the aMMP-8 PoC test had a much better ability to correctly classify adolescents with initial periodontitis or subclinical periodontitis/pre-periodontitis as diseased compared to the conventional BOP test
Summary
Activated matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) is a major destructive collagenase in periodontitis [1] but, a potential biomarker for initial periodontitis/subclinical periodontitis/pre-periodontitis as well as periodontitis [1,2,3,4,5]. According to several studies [1,2,6,7,8,9,10,11], the progression of periodontitis is reflected as an excessive elevation and activation of MMP-8 in oral fluids This stage can be measured using a point-of-care lateral flow collagenase-2 immunotest [1,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23]. Bleeding on probing (BOP) has been widely used as a sign of gingival inflammation and to determine the periodontal health of a patient [24]. Antibiotic resistance is a major problem and, new approaches are needed in this regard as well [27]
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