Active learning with effective scoring functions for semi-supervised temporal action localization

Abstract

Temporal Action Localization (TAL) aims to predict both action category and temporal boundary of action instances in untrimmed videos, i.e., start and end time. Existing works usually adopt fully-supervised solutions, however, one of the practical bottlenecks in these solutions is the large amount of labeled training data required. To reduce expensive human label cost, this paper focuses on a rarely investigated yet practical task named semi-supervised TAL and proposes an effective active learning method, named AL-STAL. We leverage four steps for actively selecting video samples with high informativeness and training the localization model, named Train, Query, Annotate, Append. Two scoring functions that consider the uncertainty of localization model are equipped in AL-STAL, thus facilitating the video sample ranking and selection. One takes entropy of predicted label distribution as measure of uncertainty, named Temporal Proposal Entropy (TPE). And the other introduces a new metric based on mutual information between adjacent action proposals, named Temporal Context Inconsistency (TCI). To validate the effectiveness of proposed method, we conduct extensive experiments on three benchmark datasets THUMOS’14, ActivityNet 1.3 and ActivityNet 1.2. Experiment results show that AL-STAL outperforms the existing competitors and achieves satisfying performance compared with fully-supervised learning.