Abstract
Thirty U.S. National Team members were the subjects of this description of active drag in elite U.S. swimmers. Athletes represented the freestyle and butterfly strokes and the number of subjects per gender were: freestyle males=6, females=13; butterfly males = 6, females=5). Active drag was measured using the perturbation method described by Kolmogorov and Duplishcheva (1992). In this method, subjects performed two maximal 30m sprints; one trial was free swimming and the other used a hydrodynamic body attached to the swimmer. Assuming equal power output in both swims and knowing the magnitude of the additional drag from the hydrodynamic body, active drag (Fad) as well as the hydrodynamic coefficient (Cx) and power output for the swim (PO) were calculated. Table Male swimmers had twice as much Fad and PO as females within the two strokes however, their swimming velocities were at least 0.2 m/s faster than the females. The more objective parameter, Cx, seemed to slightly favor the overall swimming technique of females.
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