Active Control of Combustion Instability Using Symmetric and Asymmetric Premix Fuel Modulation

Abstract

Active instability control was applied to an atmospheric swirl-stabilized premixed combustor using open loop and closed loop control schemes. Actuation was realised by two on-off valves allowing for symmetric and asymmetric modulation of the premix fuel flow while maintaining constant time averaged overall fuel mass flow. Pressure and heat release fluctuations in the combustor as well as NOx, CO and CO2 emissions in the exhaust were recorded. In the open loop circuit the heat release response of the flame was first investigated during stable combustion. For symmetric fuel modulation the dominant frequency in the heat release response was the modulation frequency, while for asymmetric modulation it was its first harmonic. In stable open loop control a reduction of NOx emissions due to fuel modulation of up to 19% was recorded. In the closed loop mode phase-shift control was applied while triggering the valves at the dominant oscillation frequency as well as at its second subharmonic. Both, open and closed loop control schemes were able to successfully control a low-frequency combustion instability, while showing only a small increase in NOx emissions compared to, for example, secondary fuel modulation. Using premixed open loop fuel modulation, attenuation was best when modulating the fuel at frequencies different from the dominant instability frequency and its subharmonic. The performance of asymmetric fuel modulation was generally slightly better than for symmetric modulation in terms of suppression levels as well as emissions. Suppression of the instability’s pressure rms level of up to 15.7 dB was recorded.