Active Carbon Modified by Rhenium Species as a Perspective Supercapacitor Electrode

Mateusz Ciszewski,Łukasz Hawełek,Katarzyna Szleper,Andrzej Koszorek,Małgorzata Osadnik,Michał Drzazga

doi:10.3390/electrochem1030018

Abstract

We have reported the synthesis of a new kind of composite combining a rhenium precursor and active carbon. Similarly to other refractory metals, rhenium exhibits several oxidation states that makes it an ideal candidate for redox-type energy storage materials. A simple impregnation of pretreated active carbon with ammonium perrhenate allowed to produce an electrode material with an enhanced specific capacitance. There was not any observed detrimental effect of metal species on the cycle life of the electrode. A small increase in charge transfer resistance was counter-balanced by the improved impedance in the whole examined range.

Highlights

Supercapacitors are energy storage materials which can deliver a big amount of energy in a relatively short time, having a wide range of applications in consumer electronics, medical applications, start–stop systems with energy-regenerative braking, or power backup applications
The simple impregnation method followed by hydrazine hydrate reduction allowed to incorporate rhenium species within the oxidized active carbon matrix
Addition of ammonium perrhenate with subsequent reduction strongly ruined the ordered carbon domains but rhenium species were trapped within the carbon matrix

Summary

Introduction

Supercapacitors are energy storage materials which can deliver a big amount of energy in a relatively short time, having a wide range of applications in consumer electronics, medical applications, start–stop systems with energy-regenerative braking, or power backup applications. EDLCs operate without redox reactions, while hybrid supercapacitors combine polarizable and non-polarizable (battery type) electrodes, and pseudocapacitors link carbon-based EDLC-type matrixes with a redox reaction material in the form of metal oxide or conducting polymers. Different types of carbon materials have been considered for energy storage applications including active carbon, graphene, expanded graphite, graphite, carbon nanotube, and carbon gels. Lithium and rhenium oxide can be used as a so called pre-lithiation compound for activated carbon electrodes of lithium ion batteries [17]. Based on this concept, lithium is inserted into a positive electrode as mixed lithium rhenium (VII) oxide. A computational study by density functional theory showed high activity of a nanographene-rhenium complex in the electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide [19]

Materials Preparation

Characterization

Results

Conclusions

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