Abstract
The study was designed to investigate the synergic effect of Ti and Sn in the active metal brazing of Al2O3 ceramic to copper brazed, using the multicomponent Ag-Cu-Zr filler alloy. Numerous fine and hexagonal-shaped rod-like ternary intermetallic (Zr, Ti)5Sn3 phase (L/D = 5.1 ± 0.8, measured in microns) were found dispersed in the Ag-Cu matrix of Ag-18Cu-6Sn-3Zr-1Ti alloy, along with the ternary CuZrSn intermetallic phases. An approximate 15° reduction in contact angle and 3.1 °C reduction in melting point are observed upon the incorporation of Ti and Sn in Ag-18Cu-3Zr filler. Interestingly, the interface microstructure of Al2O3/Cu joints brazed by using Ag-18Cu-6Sn-3Zr-1Ti filler shows a double reaction layer: a discontinuous Ti-rich layer consisting of (Cu, Al)3(Ti, Zr)3O, TiO, and in-situ Cu-(Ti, Zr) precipitates on the Al2O3 side and continuous Zr-rich layer consisting of ZrO2 on the filler side. The shear strength achieved in Al2O3/Cu joints brazed with Ag-18Cu-6Sn-3Zr-1Ti filler is 31% higher, compared to the joints brazed with Ag-18Cu-6Sn-3Zr filler. Failure analysis reveals a composite fracture mode indicating a strong interface bonding in Al2O3/Ag-18Cu-6Sn-3Zr-1Ti filler/Cu joints. The findings will be helpful towards the development of high entropy brazing fillers in the future.
Highlights
Ceramics have a wide range of applications in electric vehicles, aerospace industries, nuclear and chemical-powder plant applications
Al2O3/Cu joint was successfully brazed at 840 °C, for 15 min, us potential to explore the possibilities of upgrading the existing commercial fillers to join a wide range of ceramics and metals
Al2 O3 /Cu joint was successfully brazed at 840 ◦ C, for 15 min, using multicomponent Ag-Cu-Sn-Zr and Ag-Cu-Sn-Zr-Ti fillers
Summary
Ceramics have a wide range of applications in electric vehicles, aerospace industries, nuclear and chemical-powder plant applications. Irrespective of their potential in various applications, utilizing ceramics in required complex shapes imposes serious manufacturing and economic limitations in industrial sectors [1,2,3,4,5]. The idea of ceramic to metal joining was considered as a promising approach that resolves the existing difficulties in the manufacturing process. Joining metals to ceramics provides complementary properties that cannot be achieved with either ceramics or metal alone; achieving a good joint interface between ceramic and metal has a lot of hurdles to overcome [2,3]. Ceramics and metals have distinct differences in their bonding nature and chemical and physical properties
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