Abstract
To evaluate the relation between smoking, alcohol drinking and risk of breast cancer in Chinese women, we conducted a case-control study with 669 cases and 682 population-based controls in Jiangsu Province of China. A structured questionnaire was used to elicit detailed information. Unconditional logistic regression analysis was performed to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The results revealed that smoking, whether active or passive through the husband, was related to increased risk of breast cancer. The ORs (adjusted for age, menopausal status, educational levels, occupation, body mass index and income) were 3.55 (95%CI: 1.27-9.91) for active smoking and 1.47 (95%CI: 1.18-1.84) for passive smoking from husbands, respectively. A significant positive relationship was observed between breast cancer risk and the degree of husbands' smoking. There were significant increase trend in ORs with the daily smoked number of cigarettes of husbands, the passive smoking years from husbands and the pack-years of husbands' smoking (trend test: p=0.00003, 0.00013 and 0.0001, respectively). Alcohol consumption was also found to be a risk factor. The findings of this study in particular suggest that husbands' smoking increases risk of breast cancer in Chinese women.
Highlights
Tobacco smoking is the recognized and most important risk factor for development of cancer
The results revealed that smoking, whether active or passive through the husband, was related to increased risk of breast cancer
Human health evidence has been accumulating to suggest that active smoking is a likely cause of breast cancer, but the role of secondhand smoking is less clear, there has been some suggestion for an increased risk for premenopausal breast cancer (Reynolds, 2012)
Summary
Tobacco smoking is the recognized and most important risk factor for development of cancer. It has been causally implicated for many sites of cancer. Breast cancer constitutes the most common cancer in women and is an important public health concern worldwide. Our previous study suggested that physiological and reproductive factors, early age at menarche, late age at menopause, early age at first pregnancy, parity and breastfeeding may increased or reduced breast cancer risk in women (Liu et al, 2011). Human health evidence has been accumulating to suggest that active smoking is a likely cause of breast cancer, but the role of secondhand smoking is less clear, there has been some suggestion for an increased risk for premenopausal breast cancer (Reynolds, 2012). To evaluate the relationship between husbands’ smoking and breast cancer risk, we conducted this case-control study in Jiangsu Province, China
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