Abstract
Piezoelectric materials with the electro-mechanical coupling effect have been widely utilized in sensors, dampers, actuators, and so on. Engineering structures with piezoelectric actuators and sensors have provided great improvement in terms of vibration and noise reduction. The flexoelectric effect—which describes the coupling effect between the polarization gradient and strain, and between the strain gradient and electric polarization in solids—has a fourth-rank order tensor electro-mechanical coupling coefficient, and in principle makes the flexoelectricity existing in all insulating materials and promises an even wider application potential in vibration and noise control. In the presented work, a flexoelectric actuator was designed to actuate a simply supported beam. The electric field gradient was generated by an atomic force microscopy probe. Flexoelectric control force and moment components could be induced within the flexoelectric control layer. As flexoelectricity is size-dependent, the key parameters that could affect the actuating effect were examined in case studies. Analytical results showed that the induced flexoelectric control moment was strongly concentrated at the probe location. The controllable transverse displacement of the simply supported beam was calculated with the modal expansion method. It was found that the controllable transverse displacement was dependent on the probe location as well.
Highlights
In the past few decades, devices using piezoelectricity, e.g., actuators and transducers, have been invented and applied to various engineering systems and applications
As the direct piezoelectric effect is usually utilized in engineering sensing and energy harvesters, the converse piezoelectric effect can be applied to structure control and active actuating
The active damping technique is usually used in engineering vibration and noise control, and the simplest active damping is to bond a piezoelectric actuating layer to a fundamental structure so that the dynamic vibration can be controlled with the specific electric input
Summary
In the past few decades, devices using piezoelectricity, e.g., actuators and transducers, have been invented and applied to various engineering systems and applications. Proposed a Timoshenko model of transverse piezoelectric beam vibration and examined the frequency response of vibration-based energy harvesters. Zhang et al [2] developed a generic linear and nonlinear piezoelectric shell energy harvesting theory based on a double-curvature shell. Due to its low cost, compact sensor size, and simple signal conditioning, piezoelectric sensing has been applied in high-temperature applications, including accelerometers, surface acoustic wave sensors, ultrasound transducers, acoustic emission sensors, gas sensors, and pressure sensors for temperatures up to 1250 ◦ C [3]. As the direct piezoelectric effect is usually utilized in engineering sensing and energy harvesters, the converse piezoelectric effect can be applied to structure control and active actuating. Kenan and Ismail studied the optimal piezoelectric vibration control of a Timoshenko
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