Activation of sensory neurons contributes to reduce spinal cord injury in rats

Abstract

We previously demonstrated that activation of sensory neurons increases endothelial prostaglandin I 2 (PGI 2) production by releasing calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). Since PGI 2 reduces post-traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) by inhibiting tumor necrosis factor (TNF) production, activation of sensory neurons in the spinal cord tissue may ameliorate spinal cord injury. This study examines these possibilities using rat models of compression trauma-induced SCI. Both SB366791, a specific vanilloid receptor antagonist, and CGRP (8-37), a CGRP receptor antagonist, significantly inhibited trauma-induced increases in spinal cord tissue 6-keto-PGF 1α levels. SB366791, CGRP (8-37) and indomethacin (IM) enhanced increases in spinal cord tissue TNF levels at 2 h after trauma and exacerbated motor disturbances. Administration of CGRP significantly reduced motor disturbances and inhibited increases in spinal cord tissue TNF levels through enhancement of increases in tissue levels of 6-keto-PGF 1α. These observations strongly suggest that activation of sensory neurons might ameliorate compression trauma-induced SCI, inhibiting TNF production through enhancement of endothelial PGI 2 production. Thus, although the spinal cord sensory neurons function as nociceptive neurons, they could also be critically involved in the cytoprotective system that attenuates SCI development and, thus, pharmacological stimulation of spinal cord sensory neurons might contribute to reduce spinal cord injury.