Abstract
Carbon dioxide (CO2) has been deemed a significant contributor to the climate crisis and has an impact on environmental systems. Adsorption is widely used among other technologies for carbon capture because of its many benefits. As a starting material for the production of activated carbon (AC) by chemical activation using malic acid due to its biodegradable and non-toxic properties, rubber seed shell (RSS) was used as agricultural waste from rubber farming. Sample A6, which was carbonized for 120 min at a temperature of 600 °C and impregnated at a ratio of 1:2, was identified to achieve the highest surface area of 938.61 m2/g with micropore diameter of 1.368 nm, respectively. Using the fixed volumetric approach measured at 25, 50, and 100 °C, the maximum CO2 adsorption capability reported is 59.73 cm3/g of adsorbent. Using the pseudo-first order of Lagergren, the pseudo-second order and the Elovich model, experimental data is modeled. It appears that, based on the correlation coefficient, the pseudo-first order model is aligned with the experimental findings. Furthermore, the activation energy of under 40 kJ/mol indicated a physical adsorption occurs, indicating that the RSS chemically activated with malic acid is a fascinating source of CO2 removal requirements.
Highlights
According to the Global Carbon Capture & Storage (CCS) Institute [1], the world’s leadingCCS think tank, carbon dioxide (CO2 ) is a ubiquitous existence in the earth’s atmosphere with the characteristics of being colorless and odorless
Carbon content detected is 51.4% before activation while 69.4% after activation. This is in agreement with most literatures that for biomass raw material to be a prospective activated carbon (AC), its suitable range of carbon content, must be 40–80% [19] it means that rubber seed shell (RSS) meets AC development requirements
This study has demonstrated the ability to convert RSS into AC from low-cost and abundant agricultural waste using malic acid as an activating agent for the removal of CO2 by adsorption process
Summary
The gas is a part of greenhouse gas (GHG) with a significant function in maintaining the global temperature by trapping the energy from the sun. The high demand for energy usage in industrialization and inhabitants in many countries have causes excessive and inefficient hydrocarbon use that in turn releasing immense concentrations of anthropogenic CO2 into the atmosphere, disrupts the planet‘s carbon balance. It has been recorded that global CO2 concentrations have been increasing from 280 ppm during pre-industrial revolution to nearly 415 ppm nowadays [2]. This has caused a significant concern everywhere throughout the world to address this issue.
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