Abstract
Background: HCCs commonly develop in chronically damaged liver tissues. The resulting regenerative and inflammatory processes create an adverse microenvironment that promotes tumor-initiation and progression. Expansion of cancer stem cells is commonly observed during this process. This putative cancer stem cell origin provides a plausible explanation for the observed phenotypic heterogeneity of hepatocellular cancers. However, despite profound therapeutic implications the prognostic relevance of CSCs and their cellular localization within the tumor formation remain controversial.
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