Abstract
To overcome the inherent limitations of sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) such as relatively low energy density and operating voltage compared to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), Oxygen redox chemistry is considered to realizing a high-performance battery system. However, oxygen redox commonly accompanied problems such as sluggish kinetics, O2 gas loss, and irreversible structural rearrangement with voltage hysteresis. Herein, we suggest a new model that deviates from the tendency of relying on oxygen redox reaction to realize high capacity. A deep investigation of Na0.6Mg0.2Mn0.8O2 (NMM) and Na0.6Mg0.2Ru0.2Mn0.6O2 (NMRM) is conducted by various analysis tools for the comparison. The highly oxidized Ru5+ lowers the Mn oxidation state in the structure without the Jahn-Teller effect. It drives the increased participation of Mn in the overall electrochemical reaction and the charge compensation by oxygen redox reaction is mostly replaced by the Mn3+/Mn4+ redox pair. A strong covalence of Ru stabilizes the structure and prevents cation migration from TM to Na slap. As a result, even though the specific weight increased, practical capacity was improved by maximizing the participation of Na+ ions, and we confirm that cyclability and rate capability also improved.
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