Activated Yeast Extract Enhances Growth, Anatomical Structure, and Productivity of Lupinus termis L. Plants under Actual Salinity Conditions

Ragab S Taha,Mona S Alwahibi,Ayman H A Mahdi,Mahmoud F Seleiman,Jawaher Alkahtani,Bushra Ahmed Alhammad

doi:10.3390/agronomy11010074

Abstract

Salinity is one of the most severe environmental stresses that negatively limits anatomical structure, growth and the physiological and productivity traits of field crops. The productivity of lupine plants is severely restricted by abiotic stress, particularly, salinity in arid and semiarid regions. Activated yeast extract (AYE) can perform a vital role in the tolerance of environmental stress, as it contains phytohormones and amino acids. Thus, field experiments were conducted to explore the potential function of active yeast extract (0, 50, 75, and 100 mL AYE L−1) in mitigating the harmful impacts of salinity stress (EC = 7.65 dS m−1) on anatomical structure, growth, and the physiological and productivity traits of two lupine cultivars: Giza 1 and Giza 2. The different AYE treatments resulted in a substantial improvement in studied attributes, for example the growth, anatomical, physiological characteristics, and seed yields of treated lupine cultivars compared with untreated plants. Among the AYE doses, 75 mL L−1 significantly improved plant growth, leaf photosynthetic pigments, total soluble sugars, total protein, and seed yields, and exposed the best anatomical attributes of the two lupine cultivars grown under saline stress. The exogenous application of 75 mL AYE L−1 was the most influential, and it surpassed the control results by 45.9% for 100-seed weight and 26.9% for seed yield per hectare. On the other hand, at a concentration of 75 mL L−1 AYE there was a decrease in the alkaloids and endogenous proline under the studied salinity stress conditions. Promoted salinity stress tolerance through sufficient AYE dose is a hopeful strategy to enhance the tolerance and improve productivity of lupine into salinity stress. Furthermore, the response of lupine to salinity stress appears to rely on AYE dose. The results proved that Giza 2 was more responsive to AYE than Giza 1, showing a better growth and higher yield, and reflecting further salinity tolerance than the Giza 1 cultivar.

Highlights

During their lifetime, plants are exposed to different environmental stresses, abiotic stresses, such as high salinity, heat stress, drought, and toxic heavy metals [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9].Salinity is one of the most primary limiting factors that can harmfully affect anatomical structure, growth, physiological traits, and productivity of crops [9,10,11]
On two cultivars of lupine (Giza 1 and Giza 2) substantially increased the examined growth attributes compared with untreated plants (Figure 1)
Salinity stress substantially decreased the growth of lupine and this effect was alleviated by the exogenous application of Activated yeast extract (AYE)

Summary

Introduction

Plants are exposed to different environmental stresses, abiotic stresses, such as high salinity, heat stress, drought, and toxic heavy metals [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9].Salinity is one of the most primary limiting factors that can harmfully affect anatomical structure, growth, physiological traits, and productivity of crops [9,10,11]. Salinity stress can cause significant reductions in growth, chlorophyll deterioration, water status imbalance, change in stomatal movement, and ion disequilibria [12,13,14]. It promotes responses in plants to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as OH·, H2 O2 , and O2 · [10,15,16]. These ROS can cause significant harm to lipid membranes, proteins, and DNA, and they can interact with different macromolecules. Plants cope with these types of oxidants by developing different defense mechanisms, such as antioxidant enzymes and molecules that scavenge activated oxygen that is potentially cytotoxic [17,18,19]

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion