Abstract
Due to its important participation in the agribusiness model worldwide, soybean actively drives national economies in producing countries. However, biotic and abiotic factors caused by pests and climate changes, respectively, can disrupt its productivity and consequently the business market. For this reason, the development of plants more tolerant to these negative environmental elements has been frequently one of the goals of scientific research. In the pipeline to obtain genetically improved plants, tissue culture protocols often represent a bottleneck, since the efficiency at this stage can be genotype-dependent. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the root regeneration process of two soybean genotypes (BRS 283 and BRS 537) in four different substrates (vermiculite, sand, medium containing activated charcoal and, control – MS medium and glucose). The rooting development was measured by the root’s length (cm²), dry mass (mg), volume (mm³), surface area (mm²), and diameter (mm). Results showed that in the activated charcoal medium, for both soybean genotypes, roots grew longer and presented a higher dry mass of roots, and root length when compared to vermiculite and sand substrates. We concluded that the efficiency of tissue culture is genotype-dependent since assayed genotypes presented phenotypical responses significantly different. The supplementation of tissue culture medium with active charcoal improved root growth for both genotypes. Therefore, it is likely that this medium can be also successfully applied to other soybean genotypes, or to other crops with similar tissue culture procedures to promote better rooting and plant establishment in further developmental stages.
Highlights
Activated charcoal added to tissue culture...The soybean Glycine max (L.) Merrill is one of the most important crops in the world due to the scale of its production, driving the economy of many producing countries (Ferreira et al, 2021; Treter et al, 2021)
We demonstrated through phenotypic analyses that rooting regeneration and development is genotype-dependent
Our results suggested that charcoal treatment could be applied to different soybean genotypes and to other crops with similar tissue culture protocols, once an improvement in the root system was identified
Summary
Activated charcoal added to tissue culture...The soybean Glycine max (L.) Merrill is one of the most important crops in the world due to the scale of its production, driving the economy of many producing countries (Ferreira et al, 2021; Treter et al, 2021). The Midwest region is the major grain producer with approximately 62 million tons, followed by the South region with approximately 43 million tons, with Paraná state being the second major producer with approximately 20 million tons (Companhia Nacional de Abastecimento [CONAB], 2021) Despite these positive numbers, in recent years, production is being impaired by biotic and abiotic factors, which have become more intense and frequent, due to climate change impacts that cause environmental imbalances such as drought, floods, pests and insect infections, diseases, among others, affecting the plantenvironment interactions (Ghini, 2006). In recent years, production is being impaired by biotic and abiotic factors, which have become more intense and frequent, due to climate change impacts that cause environmental imbalances such as drought, floods, pests and insect infections, diseases, among others, affecting the plantenvironment interactions (Ghini, 2006) In this context, the development of plants developed to withstand environmental adversities has become an increasingly frequent target of scientific research. Tools derived from biotechnology could be a viable and accessible alternative for the development of these genetically improved crops (Barbosa et al, 2012; Fuganti-Pagliarini et al, 2017)
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