Activated carbon nanoparticles generated from coffee husk: A pioneering biomaterial for improving drug targeting in cancer

Abstract

In the ever-evolving realm of nanomedicine, the search for sustainable, biocompatible, and efficient drug delivery systems remains a paramount objective. In this context, activated carbon nanoparticles (ACNPs) derived from coffee husks are introduced as a groundbreaking biomaterial for targeted cancer therapy. Coffee husks, a significant byproduct of the coffee industry, are valorized through a sustainable conversion into ACNPs, providing an eco-friendly approach to waste management. Characterization studies affirm the distinctive physicochemical properties of these ACNPs, showcasing their high surface area and modifiable functional groups. Owing to their intrinsic biocompatibility and unique porous structure, ACNPs facilitate enhanced encapsulation of therapeutic agents and provide improved cellular uptake. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate their proficiency in targeted drug delivery, specifically to cancerous cells, thus reducing off-target effects and enhancing the therapeutic index. This innovative use of coffee husk-derived ACNPs marks a promising stride in the development of next-generation biomaterials for cancer therapy, marrying the concepts of green technology and advanced drug delivery systems. Future research should focus on tuning the properties of these nanoparticles for various therapeutic agents, understanding their long-term biocompatibility, and scaling their production for clinical applications.