Abstract
This work aims to treat ice cream wastewater (ICWW) by hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) and to produce activated carbon (AC). The HTC reduces COD, BOD5 and KTN by up to 80%, 55% and 93%, respectively. The obtained hydrochar was activated with H3PO4 at various impregnation ratios (1−4) and different temperatures (400−600 °C). The material with the best properties, named AC-2-500, was obtained at 500 °C with an acid impregnation rate of 2 and represents a spherical shape (specific surface area of 1432.44 m2 g−1, pore volume of 0.80 cm3g-1, and average pore diameter around 2.24 nm). The porous structure of AC-2-500 enabled to achieve high adsorption capacities of the order of 588.23 mg g−1 and 250 mg g−1 for rhodamine B (RhB) and acid red 97 (AR97), respectively. The adsorption equilibrium was reached in 30 min for RhB and 60 min for AR97. The linear forms of the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms appear to produce reasonable models for the adsorption of dyes onto AC-2-500, with best results when applying Langmuir model. Both dyes adsorb spontaneously and endothermically, with an increase in the randomness at the solid/solution interface. Furthermore, the regeneration study revealed that during several adsorption-desorption cycles, AC-2-500 demonstrated a strong adsorption capability.
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